Sociology; Know about Culture

 Culture:

Culture is derived from a "Latin" word "cultura" which means to "worship"

Melville J. Herskovits (Anthropologist):

Herskovits says that man made part of the environment is called culture.

Taylor (Anthropologist):

According to Taylor, culture is the whole complex of language, traditions, customs, art, law, skills and behavior of a human being living in a society.

Characteristics of Culture:

- Culture is a learning process.
- Culture is gratifying; it fulfill the needs of people.
- Culture is always changing.
- Every society has a particular culture.
- Culture is transmitted.
- Culture is integrated.
- Culture is accumulative.
- Culture is a social concept.
- Culture has variabilities.
- Culture is shared.

Culture is Gratifying:

Culture satisfy the needs of people. It fulfill physical and phycological needs of people from every aspect of life.

Types of Culture:

There are four main types of culture.
- Material culture
- Non-material culture
- Real culture
- Ideal culture

• Material Culture:

That part of culture which is present in a physical shape and people can touch and see it. This type of culture is made by members of society according to their choices through different methods.

Example: 

Dressing, foods, and buildings etc are different in every country which indicates that all these things are man-made.

• Non-material Culture:

It is totally opposite to the "material culture". That part of culture which is not present in a physical shape, but we can feel and sense it only.

Example:

Language, thoughts, and feelings etc.

• Ideal Culture:

That type of culture which we want to adopt in our real culture but humanely it not possible to adopt another culture in one's own culture because every person has different perspective and point of view.

Example:

If you want to adopt western culture so actually that culture is your ideal culture but humanely it is not possible to adopt it in your real culture because that culture may not be ideal culture for me or for someone else.

• Real Culture:

That part of culture which we follow on daily basis. ( OR ) That type of culture which we live on daily basis.

Example:

Islam is our real culture. The one who follows the teachings of Quran and our beloved Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (s.a.w) and his Ahel-e-Bait (a.s) is actually following her/his real culture.

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